MedComic

Tetralogy of Fallot

Jorge Muniz ·
Educational medical illustration of Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), the most common cyanotic congenital heart defect, showing the four components using the PROV mnemonic: Pulmonary stenosis, Right ventricular hypertrophy, Overriding aorta, and Ventricular septal defect, with boot-shaped heart on chest radiograph and hypoxemic Tet spells
Illustrated guide to Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) — the most common cyanotic congenital heart defect — featuring the PROV mnemonic, boot-shaped heart, Tet spells, and surgical management. Proprietary medical illustration by Jorge Muniz, PA-C.
  • Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common cyanotic congenital heart defect
  • The main components include pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, an overriding aorta, and a ventricular septal defect
  • A mnemonic to recall these features is PROV
  • The four components of TOF is thought to result from a single defect: anterior malposition of the infundibular septum
  • Hypoxemic spells, also known as "Tet spells," represent a hallmark of severe TOF
  • Chest radiographs often show a boot-shaped heart, characterized by right ventricular hypertrophy with upturning of the apex
  • Echocardiography is the diagnostic study of choice
  • Treatment typically involves a modified Blalock-Taussig procedure or definitive repair

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